LOWER APPENDAGE


FEMUR(Paired):

The femur is your thigh bone. It is the largest of all bones, and it articulates with the inominate bones of the pelvis, and with the tibia (your shin bone).


http://www.amonline.net.au/human_evolution/skeleton/femur_c.htm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 


TIBIA (paired): 

There are two bones that make up your lower leg, the tibia and the fibula. The tibia is more commonly known as the shin bone, and it is the second largest bone in the body, next to the femur. It articulates with the femur at its top, and with the talus on the botton (the talus is a tarsal bone in your foot). The tibia also articulates with the fibula, which is on the outside (lateral) of the lower leg. If you feel the inside of your foot, the bone that is commonly called the inner ankle bone is actually the medial malleolus of the tibia.

FIBULA(paired):

The fibula is one of the two bones that make up the lower leg. It is the most slender of all the long bone in proportion to its length (Bass , p. 252). It articulates with the tibia at the top (not with the femur) and with the tibia and the talus on the bottom.





http://137.222.110.150/calnet/musculo/image/tibia%20&%20fibula.jpg



FOOT BONES (paired):


There are 26 bones in each foot

14 phalanges.
7 Tarsal bones,
5 Metatarsal bones,

                                                                
                                                                                          Tim D. White, 1991. Human Osteology


Reference

Tim D. White, 1991. Human Osteology.

White, Tim D. and Pieter A. Folkens, 2005. The Human Bone Manual. Elsevier.
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